TRANSMISSION MEDIA PART 2.......Types of Transmission Media

                                                  CO-AXAL CABLE

Co-axial cable carries the signal of higher frequency ranges than twisted  pair cable

The inner conductor is a solid wire  Outer conductor serves as a shield against noise and a second  conductor

Categories of coaxial cables 

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Coaxial cables are categorized by Radio Government (RG) ratings,  RG is De Jure standards

Coaxial Cable Connectors

BNC Connectors – Bayonne Neil Concelman To connect coaxial cable to devices we need coaxial connectors 

 BNC Connector is used at the end of the cable to a device Example: TV set connection  

BNC T connector used to Ethernet networks to branch out the connection to computer or other devices  BNC terminator is used at the end of the cable to prevent the  reflection of the signal

Coaxial Cable Applications

1. Most versatile medium 
2.  Television distribution
3.   Long-distance telephone transmission 
4.  Can carry 10,000 voice calls simultaneously  
5. Short distance computer systems
6.  links  Local area networks

FIBRE OPTIC CABLE

A fiber optic cable is made of glass or plastic and transmits signals in  the form of light

Light travels in a straight line  If the light goes from one substance to another then the ray of light changes  direction  Ray of light changes direction when goes from more dense to a less dense  substance

Fiber – Optic Cable Connectors

Areas of Application

Telecommunications 
 Local Area Networks 
 Cable TV  
CCTV

UNGUIDED MEDIA

RADIO -WAVE

Omnidirectional Antenna Frequencies between 3  kHz and 1 GHz. Used for multicasts(multiple ways)  communications, such as radio and television, and paging system. Radio waves can  penetrate buildings easily so that widely use for  indoors & outdoors  communication

MICRO-WAVE

Microwaves are ideal when large areas need to be covered  and there are no obstacles in the path

Microwaves are unidirectional  Microwaves electromagnetic waves having a frequency between  1 GHz and 300 GHz.  There are two types of microwaves data communication system: terrestrial and satellite  Microwaves are  widely  used  for  one to one communication  between sender and receiver, for example, cellular phone, satellite networks and in wireless  LANs(wifi), WiMAX, GPS

INFRARED 

Frequencies between 300 GHz to 400 THz. Used for short-range communication  Example: Night Vision Camera, Remote control,  File sharing between   two phones, Communication between a PC and peripheral  device